伊斯兰祈祷时间解释：计算和方法

介绍

你有没有想过为什么祈祷时间表每天都会略有变化？或者为什么不同的网站和应用程序有时会显示不同的晨曦和斋戒时间？在伊斯兰教中，每天的五次礼拜并不受固定的挂钟时间的限制。它们是由太阳相对于地球的位置决定的。从历史上看，穆斯林直接观察天空来确定何时祈祷。今天，我们使用复杂的数学方程和天文数据来提前计算这些时间。在这篇文章中，我们解释了每个祈祷时间的天文定义、计算方法以及为什么会出现差异。

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第一节：五祷文的天文学定义

Each of the five daily prayers has a specific time window defined by the position of the sun:

1. Fajr (Dawn)

Fajr begins at true dawn (Subh Sadiq), which occurs when the first horizontal white light appears along the eastern horizon. Astronomically, this happens when the sun is a certain number of degrees below the horizon (usually between 15° and 20°). Fajr ends at sunrise, when the top edge of the sun appears on the horizon.

2. Dhuhr（中午）

Dhuhr 在Zawal（太阳的子午线通道）之后立即开始。这是太阳到达天空最高点并开始向西落下的时刻。当晡礼时间开始时，它就结束了。

3.晡礼（下午）

晡礼的开始是由影子决定的。根据大多数学者（沙斐仪派、马利基派、汉巴里派）的说法，晡礼开始于物体的影子等于物体本身的长度加上正午影子的长度。在哈乃斐学派中，当影子长度是物体长度加上正午影子的两倍时，晡礼就开始了。晡礼在日落时结束。

4. Maghrib (Sunset)

Maghrib begins the moment the sun's disc has completely disappeared below the western horizon. It ends when the red twilight (Shafaq al-Ahmar) disappears from the western sky.

5. Isha (Night)

Isha begins when the twilight has completely faded and the sky is dark. Astronomically, this happens when the sun is a certain number of degrees below the horizon (usually between 15° and 18°). Isha ends at the start of Fajr.

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Section 2: Calculation Methods and Twilight Angles

Because true dawn (Fajr) and the start of night (Isha) occur when the sun is below the horizon, we cannot see them clearly in urban areas due to light pollution. To calculate these times, astronomers use the sun's altitude angle below the horizon.

世界各地不同的伊斯兰组织使用略有不同的角度来计算晨曦和斋戒，这就是祈祷时间表可能有所不同的原因：

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Section 3: Geographical Factors and High Latitudes

Calculating prayer times becomes extremely challenging in regions far from the equator (such as Northern Europe, Canada, and parts of Russia) during summer. In these areas, the sun does not sink far enough below the horizon at night, meaning the twilight never disappears.

In such cases, Fajr and Isha cannot be calculated using normal angles because true dawn and night do not physically occur. Scholars have established special rules for these high latitudes:

• Aqrab al-Ayyam (Nearest Day): Calculating the times based on the last day the angles were visible.
• Aqrab al-Balad（最近的城市）： 使用可以解决角度的最近城市的祈祷时间表。
• Nis-ful-Layl (Half of the Night): Splitting the night between sunset and sunrise in half, dedicating the first half to Maghrib/Isha and the second to Fajr.

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第 4 节：《古兰经》对祈祷时间的验证

The Holy Quran confirms that the times of prayer are linked to the natural astronomical cycles of the day and night.

Allah (SWT) says:

"Establish prayer at the decline of the sun [from its meridian] until the darkness of the night and [also] the Qur'an of dawn. Indeed, the recitation of dawn is ever witnessed." — 《伊斯拉古兰经》，17:78

这节经文完美地涵盖了 Dhuhr 和 Asr（太阳落山）、Maghrib 和 Isha（夜晚的黑暗）以及 Fajr（黎明的背诵）。

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Section 5: Hadith Defining the Prayer Windows

先知穆罕默德（愿他安息）详细描述了每个祈祷时间的界限。

在著名的圣训中，天使吉百列（Gabriel）来到先知（愿他安息）面前，带领他祈祷了两天。第一天，他在每个祷告的开始时间进行祷告。第二天，他在每个时间结束时都进行了祈祷。吉布里尔接着说道：

“穆罕默德啊，这是你之前的先知们的时间，这个时间是在这两个时间之间的任何时间。” — Narrated by Abdullah bin Amr, Collected in Sahih Muslim (Hadith 612)

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Section 6: Practical Lessons for Worshippers Today

To manage your prayer schedule accurately:

1. Know Your Location's Method: Understand which calculation method (e.g., Karachi 18° or ISNA 15°) is commonly used by the Masjids in your city to avoid confusion.
2. Watch the Sunset Directly: If you are in a park or open field, you can determine Maghrib time simply by looking at the horizon—no app is needed.
3. 遵守中午禁令： 避免在 Dhuhr 前 10-15 分钟（太阳处于最高点时）进行自愿祈祷。
4. 冬天要小心： 请记住，在冬天，Dhuhr、Asr 和 Maghrib 之间的间隔非常短。相应地计划您的外出活动。
5. 接受学者的轻松： 如果您生活在高纬度国家，请遵循当地清真寺商定的时间表，不要在社区中造成分裂。

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Common Questions (FAQ)

1. 为什么哈乃斐派和沙斐仪派的晡礼时间不同？

The difference is based on the interpretation of the shadow length. Imam Abu Hanifah held that Asr begins when the shadow of an object is twice its length plus the midday shadow. The other three Imams (and the two main companions of Abu Hanifah) held that it begins when the shadow is equal to its length. Most apps allow you to choose between the Hanafi and Standard methods.

2. Can I pray immediately after the Adhan is called?

Yes, the Adhan is a call to inform the community that the prayer time has entered. Once you hear the Adhan (or verify the time has entered), you can pray immediately. You do not need to wait for the congregation (Jama'at) to start.

3. 斋月时间表上显示的“Imsak”时间是几点？

Imsak 不是祈祷时间。这是一个预防时间（通常是晨曦前 10 分钟），您应该停止吃黎明前的餐点 (Suhoor)，以确保您不会在晨曦开始后进食。

4. 如果我跨时区旅行该怎么办？

如果您乘坐飞机或驾车跨越时区，请跟踪当前位置的太阳位置。如果您在飞机上，请看看窗外：如果太阳已经落山，无论您出发或到达城市的时间是什么，您都可以进行昏礼祈祷。

5. 为什么禁止在日出时祈祷？

先知（愿他安息）禁止在日出、日落和中午祈祷，因为历史上异教徒在这三个过渡时期崇拜太阳。我们避免在这些时候祈祷，以保持我们的崇拜纯洁和独特。

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相关文章

• Importance of Salah in the Life of a Muslim
• How to Perform Fajr Prayer
• How to Perform Dhuhr Prayer
• 如何进行晡礼祈祷
• Preparing for Salah

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Salah Live Connection

准确、可靠的祈祷时间是建立一致礼拜的关键。 Salah Live 消除了您日常日程中的猜测。通过自动解析您的坐标，Salah Live 使用您首选的计算方法（例如卡拉奇、ISNA 或 Umm al-Qura）计算准确的当地祈祷时间。此外，Salah Live 还显示当地清真寺设定的实际实时 Jama'at 时间，确保您参加集会时永远不会迟到。让 Salah Live 帮助您围绕太阳的自然周期安排您的一天。