介绍
The Masjid (mosque) is the spiritual heart of the Muslim community. In the Quran, mosques are honored with the title of Buyut Allah (The Houses of Allah). Because these are sacred spaces dedicated to the remembrance, prayer, and worship of our Creator, they deserve the highest level of respect, clean habits, and peaceful behavior. When we enter a Masjid, we are guests in the house of the King of kings. Therefore, understanding and practicing the correct etiquettes of the Masjid is essential for every visitor. In this article, we outline the primary rules and manners to follow when visiting the Masjid.
Section 1: Entering and Leaving the Masjid
Our respect for the Masjid begins before we even cross the threshold. The Sunnah teaches us specific physical movements and supplications for entering and leaving:
进入清真寺
- Enter with the Right Foot: Step into the Masjid leading with your right foot.
- Recite the Entering Supplication: Say:
"Bismillah, was-salatu was-salamu 'ala Rasulillah. Allahummah-tah li abwaba rahmatik." (In the name of Allah, and peace and blessings be upon the Messenger of Allah. O Allah, open for me the gates of Your mercy.)
Leaving the Masjid
- Step out with the Left Foot: Step out leading with your left foot.
- Recite the Leaving Supplication: Say:
“Bismillah，was-salatu was-salamu 'ala Rasulillah。Allahumma inni as'aluka min fadlik。” （以真主之名，愿真主的使者平安与祝福。真主啊，我向您祈求您的慷慨。）
第 2 部分：Tahiyyat al-Masjid（迎接清真寺）
当您进入清真寺时，强烈建议（并且被认为是必要的礼仪）在快速进行欢迎祈祷之前不要坐下。
这个祈祷被称为Tahiyyat al-Masjid（问候清真寺）。它由自愿（Nafl）祈祷的两拜组成。先知（愿主福安之）说：
“当你们中的一人进入清真寺时，在他拜完两拜之前，不要让他坐下。” — Narrated by Abu Qatadah, Collected in Sahih al-Bukhari & Sahih Muslim
If you enter and the obligatory Fard prayer has already started, or the Iqamah is being called, you should join the congregation immediately, and this replaces the Greeting of the Mosque.
Section 3: Maintaining Silence and Peace
清真寺是安静沉思、诵读古兰经和集中祈祷的地方。信徒们来这里是为了逃避尘世的喧嚣。因此，制造噪音或分散注意力是绝对不受欢迎的。
- Silence Your Devices: Turn off your mobile phone or set it to silent before entering the hall. A ringing phone during prayer disrupts the focus of dozens of worshippers.
- Do Not Raise Your Voice: Avoid loud talking, joking, or arguing. Even raising your voice in reciting the Quran is discouraged if it distracts other people who are praying or reading nearby.
- Avoid Business dealings: The Masjid is built for the hereafter, not for worldly gains. The Prophet (peace be upon him) prohibited buying, selling, or searching for lost items inside the Masjid.
Section 4: Physical Cleanliness and Dress Code
Because we stand before Allah and sit close to other worshippers, maintaining high standards of personal hygiene is a duty.
穿着干净的衣服
穿着干净、端庄、宽松的衣服，正确遮盖 Awrah。崇拜者应避免穿有难闻气味的袜子，或带有令人反感的印花或标语的衣服。
关于气味的警告
The Prophet (peace be upon him) was very sensitive about clean breath, warning those who ate raw garlic or onions to stay away from the congregation until the smell had faded.
先知（愿主福安之）在一篇真实的圣训中说道：
"Whoever eats garlic or onions, let him keep away from us—or keep away from our mosque—and let him stay in his house." — 由贾比尔·本·阿卜杜拉讲述，收录于《布哈里圣训实录》和《穆斯林圣训实录》
This principle applies to cigarette smoke, body odor, and any strong, unpleasant smell that might disturb fellow worshippers or the angels.
第五部分：为经常去清真寺的人提供的实践课程
To make your visits to the Masjid pleasant and rewarding:
- 和平行走： 平静而有尊严地走向清真寺。即使您听到 Iqamah 启动，也不要逃跑。先知说：“无论你在祈祷中发现什么，祈祷，无论你错过什么，完成。”（布哈里圣训实录）。
- Keep the Rows Straight: When the congregation stands, help the Imam by standing close to the person next to you, leaving no gaps for Satan.
- Keep the Masjid Clean: Dispose of tissues, plastic cups, and books in their proper places. Treat the mosque's property with more care than your own home.
- Greet Worshippers: Say "Assalamu Alaikum" to those you know and those you do not know. It builds love in the community.
- Sit in the first empty space: Do not walk over people or squeeze into tight rows if there is plenty of space in the back.
Common Questions (FAQ)
1. Can a person in a state of major impurity enter the Masjid?
不可以，处于重大仪式不洁状态的人（例如女性在月经期间或需要大净的人）不得坐在或留在清真寺的主祈祷厅内。然而，如果有必要，他们可以快速穿过大楼，或者坐在办公室或教室等单独的非祈祷区域。
2. 祷告时手机响了怎么办？
如果您站立祈祷时手机响起，您应该立即把手伸进口袋，用一只手将其静音。这种轻微的移动是完全允许的，也是必要的，以防止进一步分散会众的注意力。
3. 可以在清真寺内睡觉吗？
Sleeping in the Masjid is permissible for travelers, those performing Itikaf (spiritual seclusion during Ramadan), and those who have no home. However, regular residents should avoid sleeping in the prayer hall during prayer times to avoid blocking space.
4. 非穆斯林可以参观清真寺吗？
是的，非穆斯林可以参观清真寺进行教育旅行、跨宗教活动或了解伊斯兰教，但前提是衣着得体、脱掉鞋子并尊重该空间的神圣性。
5. 为什么我们在进入祈祷堂之前要脱鞋？
脱掉鞋子是保持我们顶礼膜拜的地毯纯洁（Taharah）的实用方法。它还模仿了当摩西接近图瓦圣谷时真主对他的命令：“脱掉你的凉鞋，你确实在圣谷......”（Surah Ta-Ha，20:12）。
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