介绍
As the sun disappears below the horizon and the sky is painted in shades of red, orange, and purple, the time for the Maghrib prayer begins. Maghrib is the sunset prayer, marking the transition from daylight to the night. Unlike other prayers that have a long time window, the time for Maghrib is short and passes quickly. Performing Maghrib promptly is highly emphasized, as it is a time of spiritual transition. In this guide, we break down the structure, timing, and step-by-step method of Maghrib.
第 1 节：玛格里布的结构和 Rak'ahs
The Maghrib prayer consists of a total of 5 or 7 Rak'ahs (units):
- Three Rak'ahs of Fard (Obligatory): The core of the Maghrib prayer. The first two Rak'ahs are recited out loud (Jahri) by the Imam (or the individual praying alone), while the third Rak'ah is recited silently (Sirri).
- 圣行 Mu'akkadah 的两个 Rak'ahs： 在法尔德祈祷之后*执行强调的圣行。
- Nafl 的两个 Rak'ahs（自愿）： 可以选择在最后进行祈祷。
有趣的是，昏礼是唯一由三拜组成的每日义务祈祷。
第 2 部分：Maghrib Fard 分步指南
Maghrib 的三个 Fard Rak'ah 的表演如下：
第一拜和第二拜
- Intention and Takbeer: Stand facing the Qibla, make your intention to pray the three obligatory Rak'ahs of Maghrib, say "Allahu Akbar", and fold your hands.
- 背诵（大声）：默念开头祈求（Thana），然后背诵古兰经开端节和附加古兰经大声。
- Ruku and Sajdahs: Perform the bowing (Ruku) and two prostrations (Sajdahs) with their respective praises, exactly as in Fajr.
- Second Rak'ah: Stand up, recite Surah Al-Fatihah and an additional Surah out loud, and perform bowing and prostrations.
- First Tashahhud: After the second Sajdah, sit upright and recite only the Tashahhud ("At-tahiyyatu..."). Do not recite Salat-alan-Nabi or the final Dua.
Third Rak'ah
- Stand Up: Say "Allahu Akbar" and stand up for the third Rak'ah.
- Recite Al-Fatihah Only (Silently): In the third Rak'ah, you only recite Surah Al-Fatihah, and you do it silently. Do not recite an additional Surah.
- Perform Ruku and Sajdahs: Complete the bowing and two prostrations silently.
- Final Sitting: Sit upright and recite the Tashahhud, Salat-alan-Nabi, and the final Dua.
- Taslim: Complete the prayer by turning your head to the right and saying "Assalamu Alaikum wa Rahmatullah", and then to the left.
Section 3: Quranic References and the Sunset Time
The Quran refers to the prayers performed at the ends of the day, which includes the sunset prayer.
Allah (SWT) says:
"And establish prayer at the two ends of the day and at the approach of the night. Indeed, good deeds do away with misdeeds. That is a reminder for those who remember." — Surah Hud, 11:114
“白天的结束”和“夜晚的来临”对应于昏礼和伊萨的时间。昏礼时间在太阳圆盘完全消失在地平线以下后立即开始，并在红色暮光（Shafaq al-Ahmar）从西方天空消失时结束。
Section 4: Hadith Warnings on Delaying Maghrib
先知穆罕默德（愿他安息）敦促信徒们尽快进行昏礼祈祷，并警告不要推迟祈祷，直到天空中繁星密布。
In an authentic narration, the Prophet (peace be upon him) said:
“只要他们不推迟昏礼直到星星出现，我的乌玛就会继续善良（或在菲特拉）。” — 由 Sahl bin Sa'd 讲述，收录于 Sunan Abi Dawud 和 Sunan Ibn Majah
他还强调了昏礼之后圣行的奖励：
"Whoever prays two Rak'ahs after Maghrib, Allah will build for him a house in Paradise." — Collected in Sunan at-Tirmidhi
Section 5: Practical Lessons for the Evening Transition
要有效管理 Maghrib 的快速时间窗口：
- 日落前做好准备： 不要等待宣礼进行小净。在日落前十分钟准备小净，以便您可以立即祈祷。
- 优先完成Fard：因为时间很短，如果你迟到了，先集中精力完成Fard。
- Avoid Sleeping Before Maghrib: Sleeping after Asr and before Maghrib is disliked as it can make you miss the prayer.
- Pray the Sunnah at Home: If the Masjid is near your home, it is a beautiful Sunnah to pray the two post-Maghrib Sunnah units in your own home.
- Reflect on the Transition: Use the evening twilight to reflect on the passing of another day and the closeness of our meeting with Allah.
Common Questions (FAQ)
1. 昏礼祈祷时间持续多长时间？
通常，昏礼祈祷时间持续约 60 至 75 分钟，具体取决于季节和您所在的地理位置。当暮色的红光从西方天空完全消失时，它就结束了。
2. Can I pray voluntary (Nafl) prayers before Maghrib?
Yes, it is permissible to pray two quick voluntary Rak'ahs before the Fard Maghrib prayer, after the Adhan has been called. The Prophet (peace be upon him) said: "Pray before Maghrib, pray before Maghrib," and then added on the third time, "for whoever wishes," to show it is voluntary (Sahih al-Bukhari).
3. 如果我正在吃晚饭，当宣礼被宣讲时怎么办？
如果你的晚餐已经准备好了，而你饿了，你应该先吃东西，即使你错过了聚会。先知（愿主福安之）说：“如果晚餐已经准备好，祈祷也准备好了，就从晚餐开始吧。” （《布哈里圣训实录》）。这是为了防止你在祈祷时因饥饿而分心。
4. Is the third Rak'ah of Maghrib read silently even in congregation?
是的，在昏礼的第三个斋戒中，伊玛目默默地背诵开端哈章，而会众则默默地跟随他。只有前两拜被大声背诵。
5. 我可以在旅行期间将 Maghrib 和 Isha 结合使用吗？
是的，旅行时（满足 Safar 的条件），允许将 Maghrib 和 Isha 结合起来。您可以在 Maghrib (Jam' Taqdm) 或 Isha (Jam' Ta'khir) 时间一起祈祷。请注意，Maghrib 的三个 Rak'ah 永远不会被缩短；必须对他们进行充分的祈祷。
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